| Posted: 04 October 2008 at 6:02am | IP Logged | 8
|
|
|
How'd a law professor feel about Palin's view of the "job description" of vice president?
****
Very uncomfortable, Geoff, because it's pretty clearly unconstitutional.
Characterizing the Vice President as a legislative officer opens a huge legal can of worms.
All executive power is constitutionally vested in the President -- completely. There is no residuum for the Vice President or any other person. The Vice President's only constitutional duties are to preside over the Senate and to become President if the current President dies or leaves office. The Vice President executes no laws and is not part of the President's administration the way that other officials are. The Vice President cannot be fired by the President; as an independently elected officeholder, he can be removed only by Congress via impeachment.
What staff, office, and perquisites the Vice President enjoyed had originally come via the Senate; it was not until Spiro Agnew mounted a legislative push that the Vice President got his own budget line. Traditionally, Vice Presidents had not done much, which is why the position was famously characterized by Vice President John Nance Garner as not worth "a pitcher of warm spit.” That changed when Jimmy Carter gave Walter Mondale an unusual degree of responsibility, a move replicated in subsequent administrations, particularly under Clinton/Gore and Bush/Cheney.
But whatever executive power a Vice President exercises is exercised because it is delegated by the President, not because the Vice President possesses any executive power already. Constitutionally speaking, the Vice President is not a junior or co-President, but merely a President-in-waiting, notwithstanding recent political trends otherwise. To the extent the President delegates actual power and does not simply accept recommendations for action, the Vice President is exercising executive authority delegated by the President while being immune to removal from office by the President, unlike everyone else who exercises delegated power. All the President can do is withdraw delegation of powers and order everybody else not to listen to the Vice President.
In any event, the President is not allowed to delegate executive power to a legislative official, as that would be a separation of powers violation. This is where the claim that Cheney is really a legislative official creates problems for the White House.
This question has produced no case law, and may never, as it may pose a very difficult “political question” or incur standing problems that render it not amenable to judicial review. But any potential challenge to the delegation of executive power to the Vice President poses some serious problems if the Vice President is characterized as a legislative official. In general, the delegation of executive power to legislative officials violates the constitutional separation of powers.
In Bowsher v. Synar, the leading case on the subject, the Supreme Court found that the separation of powers prohibits vesting of executive powers in an official subject to control by Congress and who is not removable by the President. If this is the case, then the case for vesting executive powers in the Vice President--who is a legislative official himself, and also not removable by the President--is decidedly weak. Indeed, this arrangement seems perilously close to permitting “Congress to execute the laws,” which is plainly out of bounds. Thus, if the Vice President is a legislative official, as Cheney's office argued, it would seem that his expansive role in the Bush Administration is unconstitutional.
Nonetheless, a Supreme Court decision addressing this question is unlikely any time soon. There are no cases in the pipeline, and it is not clear who would bring such an action. But litigation before the Supreme Court is not the only avenue for addressing the arrangement. Congress is vested, under Article I, Section 8, with the power “[t]o make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.” Congress can protect the separation of powers, and the viability of Vice Presidents as backup presidents, by employing this constitutional power to prohibit the Vice President from exercising any executive functions.
|